Overview
Nuclear proliferation refers to the spread of nuclear weapons to additional countries, particularly those not recognized as nuclear-weapon states by the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. This process occurs through the spread of fissile material, technology, and capabilities needed to produce and manufacture nuclear weapons. Many nations oppose proliferation, fearing it will increase the possibility of nuclear warfare, destabilize international relations, or infringe upon state sovereignty. However, supporters of deterrence theory argue that controlled proliferation decreases conflict rates via nuclear peace. With the rise of non-state actors, the threat of nuclear proliferation has become increasingly complex. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) plays a crucial role in monitoring and preventing nuclear proliferation. The consequences of nuclear proliferation are far-reaching, with the potential to destabilize entire regions and pose a significant threat to global security.