International Environmental Governance | Vibepedia

International environmental governance (IEG) refers to the multifaceted system of institutions, agreements, norms, and processes that regulate environmental issues across national borders. It encompasses the actions of states, intergovernmental organizations (IGOs), non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and private sector actors in addressing global environmental challenges like climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. IEG operates through a variety of instruments, including legally binding treaties like the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement, as well as non-binding declarations and action plans. The effectiveness of IEG is a subject of ongoing debate, with critics pointing to issues of enforcement, equity, and the influence of powerful state and corporate interests.